Grinding

Surface integrity (SI) data set by Field et al. (1972)
Engineering

Engineering

Functional performance of any solid surface relies on the physical conditions and chemical composition of the concerned surface and subsurface layers. Quality is defined as fit for intended purpose. Similarly, quality of a solid surface is one subjective matter and its assessment primarily depends on intended functionalities. Let us explain the same with examples. With respect to decorative artefact, appearance of the surface has importance rather than presence of micro-cracks

Typical grinding process - a finishing operation
Engineering

Engineering

Machining or metal cutting is one of the manufacturing processes by which excess material is gradually removed from a pre-formed blank to provide desired shape, size and finish. It is one subtractive manufacturing process that is primarily used to improve dimensional accuracy and tolerance level. To efficiently and economically process various materials in several ways, there exist various machining processes, each having different capability in terms of material removal rate

Typical face milling process - a machining operation
Engineering

Engineering

Fabricating complicate shaped products with good surface finish by casting is not always feasible and economical. Various secondary operations can be performed on the casted products to finally produce the desired object. Such operations include joining (such as welding), material removal or machining, heat treatment or property alteration, coloring and coating, etc. Material removal processes basically removes material from workpiece surface to provide intended dimension and tolerance. A large number